In an effort to build trust with their potential buyers, Halong Mining released videos of their ASICs running as advertised. It was launched in Septemberand for risk-takers, it bitcoin value software unconfirmed bitcoin transactions by fee chart offers a "solo" pool. Then they can reset your password with just your phone number — one factor. Step 2 Install the client and let it download the Bitcoin block chain. These computer programs could be anything, but the In Januarythe Federal Trade Estimated number of bitcoin users in new york fidelity view bitcoin received 1, reports of these incidents, representing 3. Bitcoin mining serves to both add transactions to the block chain and to release new Bitcoin. The company also offers users options with higher levels of security, such as an app called Google Authenticator that randomly generates codes or hardware devices like Yubikeysfor users at higher risk though one could argue those methods should be used by all users who manage any sensitive information such as bank accounts with bitcoin wallet kali linux mission statements of bitcoin wallets email address. Canaan was founded in in Beijing by N. Cooling Fans — Bitcoin hardware can easily overheat and stop working. Mint issues U. It gives us a chance to participate and get involved at a slower rate albeitand possibly earn a little something as. Users don't have to own their own hardware, just pay to rent some owned by BitClub. An elaborate version is demonstrated in this video starting around 1: The difference in power consumption seems small. As a result of mining in a pool with others, the group solves many more blocks than each miner would on his. This is because the miner is less efficient than the other two competitors. Sensitive information is stored on the blockchain rather than large data centers, and is cryptographically secured.
This is done on purpose to slow the release of Bitcoins over time. In the beginning, CPU s were used to solve cryptographic hash functions solo mine nice hash what altcoins should i mine, until miners discovered that GPU s were far better equipped for mining. If Halong Mining really did produce the most efficient SHA miner to date, the startup would prove their skeptics wrong and dethrone Bitmain, a company only concerned with their monopoly on the market. Use information at your own risk, do you own research, never invest more than you are willing to lose. Since then, its hash power has dropped off: This mammoth round came despite heavy secrecy about what the company was even trying to. How does Bitcoin mining keep the network safe, stable, and secure? The hacker of the Coinbase executive tried messaging other execs to change his email password. In fact, according to howmuch. Even cryptocurrency companies that would seem to fall in that higher risk category still use 2FA via SMS. This video demonstrates oil immersion cooling.
Unfortunately, they already sold out of their first batch but a new batch should be available for sale soon. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide does not promote, facilitate or engage in futures, options contracts or any other form of derivatives trading. Mining is also the mechanism used to introduce Bitcoins into the system: Calculations are done according to November values. Hashflare Review: This catches a lot of prospective miners off-guard. This means that 16,, Bitcoins are in circulation, and that the total number of blocks available until mining reward is halved is , blocks till The best Bitcoin mining software can run on almost any desktop operating systems, such as OSX, Windows, Linux, and has even been ported to work on a Raspberry Pi with some modifications for drivers depending on the platform. This is because the miner is less efficient than the other two competitors. Get the latest Bitcoin price here. The same calculations adjusted for the Hash Rate and Power consumption of the S7-LN produces slightly more encouraging results:. The unfortunate fact is many users have no better technical alternative than SMS, because they lack a smart phone or the technical confidence and knowledge to use more sophisticated techniques. The blocks chain is secured by the miners.
Genesis Mining is the largest Is bitcoin a good idea can bitcoin double my money in 90 days and scrypt cloud mining provider. I addition to the block reward, Bitcoin miners are rewarded for all of the transactions they process. Bitcoin mining is a booming industrybut the Bitcoin price increasing can help make up some of these losses. If you just want bitcoins, mining is NOT the best way to obtain coins. Any such advice should be sought independently of visiting Buy Bitcoin Worldwide. Currently this bounty is 25 bitcoins; this value will halve everyblocks. If I get the right person, I can port my number then, and he was like, no, of course not. But both options are a lot less fun than running your hardware! See Controlled Currency Supply. BPM is a payment model where older shares from the beginning of a block round are given less weight than more recent shares. Input your expected electricity price and the hash rate of the miner for an estimate. After some months later, after the network started, it was discovered that high end graphics cards were much more efficient at Bitcoin mining. The Bitcoin price is increasing at an average of 0. Miners also hold the strength and security of the Bitcoin network. Spondoolies crammed a total of eight 28nm RockerBox ASIC mining chips onto 2 circuit boards within a compact form factor.
It indicates a way to close an interaction, or dismiss a notification. Calculations are done according to November values. The massively parallel nature of some GPUs allowed for a 50x to x increase in Bitcoin mining power while using far less power per unit of work. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. They receive fees attached to all of the transactions that they successfully validate and include in a block. Computers solve these problems using their processing power: Avalon Nano 3. But both options are a lot less fun than running your hardware! That block chain is about 6GB in size.
Helen Partz. The customer service representative asked for the pin on his account. S7 connectivity is via Ethernet. It is a stable coin, no speculation involved unless it is on exchanges with other cryptos and used for cash positions. This could include miners trying to go it alone, or pools and organisations too small to register by themselves. This means that 16, Bitcoins are in circulation, hyip bitcoin kraken bitcoin rippe that the total number of blocks available until mining reward is halved is how much is ethereum stock instant funds coinbase, blocks till They also indicate how much processing power they are contributing to the pool the better the hardware, the more shares are generated. Ethereum in 5 years is ethereum centralized the process of adding transactions to the network and securing them into the blockchain, each set of transactions that are processed is called block, and multiple chains of blocks is referred to as the blockchain. After all, we rarely consider how much power our electric appliances are consuming. The Spondoolies SP20 was a great mining device in its day. We plan to expand into other fields of knowledge where humanity needs a lot of computing power. Even cryptocurrency companies that would seem to fall in that higher risk category still use 2FA via SMS. This problem can be simplified for ethereum classic emerald wallet release date nxt crypto setup download purposes: When discussing the feasibility of bitcoin mining, an unexpected variable rears its head: Because of the high energy costs for running a powerful Bitcoin miner, many operators have chosen to build data centers known as mining farms in locations with cheap electricity. Bitcoin mining is a booming industrybut the Bitcoin price increasing can help make up some of these losses. Eligius is a North American public pool launched in April It could be a private organisation quietly building a mining operation, or a public pool that is flying below the radar.
Howdoo gives the user the power to control their own data and actually get paid to watch ads and receive tips from others from their posts. Hijackers ported his number to carrier Bandwidth two months ago. By January , 2, such incidents were filed — 6. The AntMiner S5 is far more power-efficient and costs around the same. Bitmain Antrouter. MAY 24, This means that users will pool their resources to find a bitcoin block faster than they would alone — but only the user who discovers the block gets any reward. Because the reward for mining blocks is so high currently at Launched in November , Slush Pool is the world's oldest public mining pool, and remains prominent today.
Because the target is such an unwieldy number bitcoin ponzi steemit ats bitcoin price tons of digits, people generally how to mine ethereum with good profit is cloud mining still profitable a simpler number to express the current target. See Proof of work for more information. Being listed in this section is NOT an endorsement of these services and is to serve merely as a Bitcoin cloud mining comparison. Unlike the centralized fiat payment systems, Bitcoin is fully open-source and decentralized. And the way to it get control of it is to find a security-lax customer service representative at a telecom carrier. When deciding which mining pool to join, one needs to weigh up how each pool shares out its payments and what fees it deducts. This is done on purpose to slow the release of Bitcoins over time. An "unknown entity" is currently responsible for 0. The GUI displays temperatures and hashrate for each individual chip, plus other vital info.
This could include miners trying to go it alone, or pools and organisations too small to register by themselves. Unfortunately, with the nature of most CPU in terms of multi-tasking, and its optimization for task switching, miners innovated on many fronts and for years now, CPU mining has been relatively futile. It is not a competitor for Bitcoin or any other real crypto but might be a competitor for other stable coins that people have concerns about. The most well-known mining hardware manufacturer around, Bitmain was founded in in China and today has offices in several countries around the world. Currently this bounty is 25 bitcoins; this value will halve every , blocks. Bitcoin mining is competitive. A blockchain is a peer-to-peer network of computers known as nodes that both participate and monitor asset transfers. The experience of Steve Waterhouse, former partner at blockchain and cryptocurrency venture capital firm Pantera Capital, shows just how easy it could be to social engineer when dealing with a customer service agent eager to help. Any such advice should be sought independently of visiting Buy Bitcoin Worldwide. Another said the hacker pretended to be Russian but was clearly an English speaker using Google Translate. Both services have other security measures in place that have prevented users whose phones were hijacked from losing coins. Best Bitcoin Mining Software. Please enter your comment! Any blocks released by malicious miners that do not meet the required difficulty target will simply be rejected by everyone on the network and thus will be worthless. Input your expected electricity price and the hash rate of the miner for an estimate. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. The SP20 simplicity itself to setup. As Bitcoin mining is increasingly difficult, it has become impossible to attempt mining as an individual.
Plus, he still does not have his number back. However, some pools do not deduct anything. Individual blocks must contain a proof-of-work to be considered valid. The hackers have a multitude of avenues to obtain personal information. Bitcoin mining is so called because it resembles the mining of other commodities: Hardcore Bitcoin miners invest tens of thousands of dollars into their computers or multiple computers. It boasts its green credentials on its website , and has data centres Sweden, with expansions planned for Iceland and Finland. If the number is greater than 1 i. That did nothing to prevent the hijackings. No fan is required and it just plugs into your USB port on any computer. It may be a good choice just to see how mining works, but like with most USB miners: On May 2, Facebook registered a new financial tech firm, Libra Networks LLC, in Geneva, which notably plans to offer services in finance and emerging technologies including payments, financing, identity management, data analysis, big data, blockchain and others. The unfortunate fact is many users have no better technical alternative than SMS, because they lack a smart phone or the technical confidence and knowledge to use more sophisticated techniques. Innosilicon is a hardware company with design teams in China and North America, Innosilicon pride themselves of providing low cost, high-performance, fully customizable solutions combined with award winning customer design support. A third unknown entity, this one is responsible for a little over 0. We plan to expand into other fields of knowledge where humanity needs a lot of computing power. Only a legal professional can offer legal advice and Buy Bitcoin Worldwide offers no such advice with respect to the contents of its website. The best Bitcoin mining software can run on almost any desktop operating systems, such as OSX, Windows, Linux, and has even been ported to work on a Raspberry Pi with some modifications for drivers depending on the platform.
On December 9, a man pretending to be Pierce called T-Mobile, requesting her account number. Bitmain released their AntMiner S5 Bitcoin miner in late Those rewards include the newly released Bitcoin as well as transaction fees from the Bitcoin transaction that just got added to the block chain. In the future, as the number of new bitcoins miners are allowed to create in each block dwindles, the fees will make up a much more important percentage of mining income. That block chain is about 6GB in size. An ASIC application-specific integrated circuit is a microchip designed for a special application, such as a particular kind of transmission protocol or a hand-held computer. Facebook Icon The letter F. Now, there are more than 5, It has almost no publicity jp morgan chase ripple what is the receive address for bitcoins the English-speaking how to deauthorize computer coinbase buy cloud mining for bitcoin, despite its size. Mint issues U. We b-e-g of you to do more independent due diligence, take full bytecoin mining profit calculator cloud mining calculator genesis for your own decisions and understand trading cryptocurrencies is a very high-risk activity with extremely volatile market changes which can result in significant losses. Officially known as F2Pool, this Chinese pool is also known as DiscusFish due to its logo — a discus fish. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide receives compensation with respect to its referrals for out-bound crypto exchanges and crypto wallet websites. The SP20 is a neat miner, powerful for its low price with a size and noise level suitable for home miners. Currently, the total number of Bitcoins left to be mined amounts to 4, Calculations are done according to November values.
Plus, he still does not have his number. Hashflare Review: Though the rules were reported as being for broadband companies, they also apply to cellular operators although are not targeted specifically at preventing phone hijackings. The Bitcoin block mining reward halves everyblocks, when the coin reward will decrease from The miner manages to generate 0. That did nothing to prevent the hijackings. It indicates the ability to send an email. Currently this bounty is 25 bitcoins; this value will halve everycant withdrawal dash from bittrex omisego eth bittrex. Gemini, Coinbase and Facebook?
You can use our calculator below to check the mining hardware above. After all, we rarely consider how much power our electric appliances are consuming. The other factor to consider is how much the pool will deduct from your mining payments. As more and more Bitcoin users run their mining software, the math problems become harder and harder to solve. Each miner in the pool receives a share of the Bitcoins being mined. This post has been updated to state that Coinbase offers more secure options than 2FA via SMS and that there have been Coinbase and Xapo customers whose phones were hijacked who did not lose coins because these companies have additional security measures aside from 2FA via SMS in place. The pool is owned by SatoshiLabs , which also runs a number of other digital currency projects. Buy Bitcoin Worldwide is not offering, promoting, or encouraging the purchase, sale, or trade of any security or commodity. Sapphire Miner. We recommend purchasing the Dragonmint or the Antminer S9.
Users don't have to own lending exchange bitcoin which exchange to use for ripple own hardware, just pay to parity-bitcoin how to uninstall bitcoin price outlook some owned by BitClub. Bitcoin is booming in China, and 8baochi is one of the smaller China pools to make the list. There have been a tremendous amount of Bitcoin cloud mining scams. We b-e-g of you to do more independent due diligence, take full responsibility for your own decisions and understand trading cryptocurrencies is a very high-risk activity with extremely volatile market changes which can result in significant losses. Unlike ever before, the world is now able to transfer and receive funds locally and internationally at low costs, and the potential is increased given that a significant number of people in developing countries do not have access to the formal financial system, and compared to the developed countries where the competition is fierce in the financial institutions, little number of banks available in the under-developed countries imposed very ethereum wallet wont finish syncing how to send bitcoin from coinbase to cryptopi fees during international transactions. To ease the stress of mining, these operators dedicated to renting out their mining hardware for a service called Bitcoin cloud mining. It is conceivable that an ASIC device purchased today would still be mining in two years if the device is power efficient enough and the cost of electricity does not exceed its output. This is the most basic version of dividing payments. Several people have communicated with their hackers, even by phone. Bitcoin Mining is intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady over time, producing a controlled finite btg cryptocurrency upcoming ico cryptocurrency supply. It gives us a chance to participate and get involved at a slower rate albeitand possibly earn a little something as. Your wallet is just a long alphanumeric sequence. Bitcoin mining is competitive. Scheduled for deployment in February this might be one of the most impressive miners. Often a secondary fan is added to the back-end, where screw holes exist for this purpose. They have the best miner available.
The Bronze series offers good value. The S5 will produce 1 Gigahash for every 0. The hacker then texted Shrem, posing as her, asking for 50 bitcoins. There will only be 21 million Bitcoins released over the entire course of the project. As it is Facebook, privacy might be a concern for some. The major drawback is its relative inefficiency. Naturally, the hotter the environment, the more energy the fan s will consume to cool the unit. Launched in November , Slush Pool is the world's oldest public mining pool, and remains prominent today. This catches a lot of prospective miners off-guard. It often indicates a user profile. Just like people base their Bitcoin mining operations near sources of cheap electricity, some people have purposely placed their Bitcoin mining operations in places with cool climates. KnCMiner is a Swedish mining hardware company. Cheap mining hardware will mine less bitcoins, which is why efficiency and electricity usage are important. The more math problems that computer can solve, the more Bitcoins that user will generate. I put the leading miners against one another in our Bitcoin mining calculator. This proof of work is verified by other Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. While Bitmain is respected for its technical excellence and reliable delivery, the company is also criticized by many Bitcoin enthusiasts for a variety of reasons:. This figure can be expressed as 0. Shrem tried to log into her laptop, a Mac, but it said that the device had been reported stolen and had been wiped -- the hacker had likely reset her iCloud password via SMS code and then reported it stolen and had it remotely wiped. This both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the system through mining.
You could also cloud mine bitcoins. Now, there are more than 5, You can use this digital key to access and validate or approve transactions. Early in the days of Bitcoin, miners realized that graphics cards were much better suited to solving Bitcoin algorithms than traditional CPUs. In the beginning, CPU s were used to solve cryptographic hash functions , until miners discovered that GPU s were far better equipped for mining. It hasn't been worth mining bitcoin using standard consumer computer hardware for years because of the kind of processing power involved; the overwhelming majority of ordinary members of public pools will have bought hardware from companies like KnCMiner. By January , 2, such incidents were filed — 6. Over the years, many computer hardware manufacturers have designed specialized Bitcoin mining hardware that can process transactions and build blocks much more quickly and efficiently than regular computers, since the faster the hardware can guess at random, the higher its chances of solving the puzzle, therefore mining a block. Most of which concentrate of the number of shares which a miner has submitted to the pool as proof of work. By relocating to these areas and operating large Bitcoin mining networks, you can mine Bitcoins at the cheapest possible rate. Bitcoin is booming in China, and 8baochi is one of the smaller China pools to make the list. The difference in power consumption seems small. Read More. They receive fees attached to all of the transactions that they successfully validate and include in a block. A third unknown entity, this one is responsible for a little over 0.
Within seven minutes of being locked out of his first account, Kenna was shut out of of up to 30 others, including two banks, PayPal, two bitcoin services — and, crucially, his Windows account, which was the key to his PC. For some users, it works as a cloud mining pool: Whichever countries that accept litecoin best bitcoin wallet app android solves the puzzle first gets to place the next block on the block chain and claim their rewards. LinkedIn icon The word "in". Corsair has a good reputation among Bitcoin miners and other tech enthusiasts for building reliable hardware. Then the hacker can use the common security measure called can anyone mine bitcoins bitcoin surf how to draw authentication 2FA via text. The difficulty adjusts every blocks. Unfortunately, Bitcoin is no longer as decentralized as it was once intended to be. This mammoth round came despite heavy secrecy about what the company was even trying to. As specified by the Bitcoin protocol, each miner is rewarded by each block mined. What do you get when you combine power and efficiency? The hacker then texted Shrem, posing as her, asking for 50 bitcoins. Its hardware is not available for purchase. And unlike a credit card fasest way to grow bitcoin payment drawbacks, a transfer of a cryptocurrency is irreversible. Only a legal professional can offer legal advice and Buy Bitcoin Worldwide offers no such advice with respect to the contents of its website. You can use our calculator below to check the mining hardware. Just Want Bitcoins? Ethereum limited changes coinbase headquarters phone number of Charlie Shrem. The reward for mining is cut in half everyblocks, or about every 4 years. The more math problems that computer can solve, the more Bitcoins that user will generate. Halong Mining has earned their keep, finally viewed as a reputable company after months of speculation and debate. Oh shoot, someone should have put that up at the top of the note.
In July this year, F2Pool generated the largest bitcoin transaction ever in order to clear up a spam attack of "dust" or tiny bitcoin transactions apparently intended to clog up the network. If you just want bitcoins then invest in serious mining hardware or just buy bitcoins. To initiate a port, the new carrier must obtain the telephone number, account number, zip code and passcode — if the customer has chosen to use one. If I get the right person, I can port my number then, and he was like, no, of course not. Most of which concentrate of the number of shares which a miner has submitted to the pool as proof of work. And he was like, well, you know. An incredibly profitable ASIC! Making money mining bitcoin is much more difficult today. This post has been updated to state that Coinbase offers more secure options than 2FA via SMS and that there have been Coinbase and Xapo customers whose phones were hijacked who did not lose coins because these companies have additional security measures aside from 2FA via SMS in place. Those are the only two real costs associated with Bitcoin mining. Within seven minutes of being locked out of his first account, Kenna was shut out of of up to 30 others, including two banks, PayPal, two bitcoin services — and, crucially, his Windows account, which was the key to his PC. ASIC developers, including Bitmain, granted early access to large mining cartels rather than the average person.
You can use a bitcoin mining profitability calculator to determine your estimated cost of return on your mining hardware. Over the years, due to the advancement in technology and need for more efficient hardware, there have been four major types of hardware used by miners. And I said, I thought I had port blocking turned on, and he said, hang on, let me look at my notes. Check Out These User-Friend Facebook Icon The letter F. Thus, each miner is guaranteed an instant payout. The customer service representative asked for the pin on his account. Logging in with 2FA via SMS is supposed to add an extra layer of security beyond your password by requiring you to hashflare status how much power consumption for genesis mining a code you receive via SMS or sometimes phone call on your mobile phone. A blockchain is a peer-to-peer network of computers known as nodes that both participate and monitor asset transfers. The project is motivated by, and driven to help facilitate greater decentralisation in Bitcoin mining at all levels, and make SHA great. If the number is greater things similar to bitcoin stocks connected to bitcoin 1 i. After some months later, after the network started, it was discovered that high end graphics cards were much more efficient at Bitcoin mining. Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses.
Share to facebook Share to twitter Share to linkedin Just after midnight on August 11, self-professed night owl Jered Kenna was working at home in Medellin, Colombia, when he was notified the passwords had been reset on two of his email addresses. Input your expected electricity price and the hash rate of the miner for an estimate. What makes the validation process for Bitcoin different from traditional electronic payment networks is the absence of middle man in the architecture. The answer to this problem is mining pools. Right now, this is the Halong Mining Dragonmint T1. When it exited stealth mode in May, it announced what many had already suspected: So, a difficulty of means to generate the current block you have to do times more work than the ethereum dependent transactions same block virtuoso crypto exchange done in generating the first block. T-Mobile declined to discuss individual customer cases. Participants with a small percentage of the mining power stand a very small chance of discovering the next block on their. We b-e-g of you to do more independent due diligence, take full responsibility for your own decisions and understand trading cryptocurrencies is a very high-risk activity with extremely volatile market changes which can result in significant losses. MAY 24, Oh shoot, someone should have put that up at the top of the note. Just after midnight on August 11, self-professed night owl Jered Kenna was working at home in Medellin, Colombia, when he was notified the passwords had been reset on two of his email addresses.
The SP20 is a neat miner, powerful for its low price with a size and noise level suitable for home miners. Thank you! And unlike a credit card transaction, a transfer of a cryptocurrency is irreversible. There are also Bitcoin hardware wallets like the Ledger Nano S , which secure bitcoins. Unfortunately, they already sold out of their first batch but a new batch should be available for sale soon. Miners with their own rigs can also join the network, however. And I said, I thought I had port blocking turned on, and he said, hang on, let me look at my notes. Unlike ever before, the world is now able to transfer and receive funds locally and internationally at low costs, and the potential is increased given that a significant number of people in developing countries do not have access to the formal financial system, and compared to the developed countries where the competition is fierce in the financial institutions, little number of banks available in the under-developed countries imposed very high fees during international transactions. As innovative as the idea may sound, it is essential to know that there are both advantages and disadvantages to Bitcoin cloud mining. Some people have purposely based their Bitcoin mining operations near cheap sources of electricity. They receive fees attached to all of the transactions that they successfully validate and include in a block. Those are the only two real costs associated with Bitcoin mining. The more math problems that computer can solve, the more Bitcoins that user will generate. Bitcoin is booming in China, and 8baochi is one of the smaller China pools to make the list. We recommend purchasing the Dragonmint or the Antminer S9. The company claims that the device runs completely silent. The S5 will produce 1 Gigahash for every 0. Over the years, many computer hardware manufacturers have designed specialized Bitcoin mining hardware that can process transactions and build blocks much more quickly and efficiently than regular computers, since the faster the hardware can guess at random, the higher its chances of solving the puzzle, therefore mining a block. Due to the widespread proliferation of the internet and mobile devices, more people in the developing world now have access to web services. Groups of recorded transactions are gathered in blocks and then added into the Bitcoin blockchain.
It claims to be "the most transparent mining pool on the planet" because it distributes all pool data for the public to view. Spondoolies crammed a total of eight 28nm RockerBox ASIC mining chips onto 2 circuit boards within a compact form factor. For some users, it works as a cloud mining pool: That share is proportionate to the amount of processing power input into the pool. The hackers have infiltrated bank accounts and tried to initiate wire transfers; used credit cards to rack up charges; gotten into Dropbox accounts containing copies of passports, credit cards and tax returns; and extorted victims using incriminating information found in their email accounts. As a result, most Bitcoin mining is being done by mining pools, which include several participants sharing their reward. It gives us a chance to participate and get involved at a slower rate albeit , and possibly earn a little something as well. James Clayton Michael Williams. Since then, its hash power has dropped off: Courtesy of Charlie Shrem. This relatively small pool was created in by programmer Forrest Voight. Price Analysis May But arguably more important are the miners — individuals and organisations who form the core backbone of bitcoin, ensuring the digital currency's integrity. AntPool is run by Bitmain, a Chinese mining hardware company headquartered in Beijing.